Human genetic disorders can arise as a consequence of mutations in Essay

Human hereditary issue can emerge as an outcome of changes in either atomic or mitochondrial genomes. Utilizing explicit examp - Essay Example These are called so in light of the fact that they convey qualities for the assurance of the sex of the infant and they are likewise of two kinds for example X and Y chromosomes where X is for female and Y for Male. The chromosomes are for the most part arranged either based on their banding or based on the situation of the centromere for example the main issue of each chromosome. The essential constitutive segment of these DNA atoms, euchromatin and heterochromatin is the fundamental factor on which the DNA on every one of these chromosomes vary from one another. All things considered, on a portion of the chromosomes for example 1, 9 and 16 show heterochromatin in their centromere locale where as Chromosome Y is likewise considered to contain more heterochromatin. (T. STRACHAN and A. Peruse, 2004,p19) Mitochondrial qualities There for the most part are two strands in mitochondrial genome for example H and L strand. The H strand should encode more qualities for example 28 out of 37 w here as the L strand encodes the staying number of qualities. The mitochondrial genome isn't a lot of like the atomic genome as it doesn't contain any introns just as it is a lot of minimal and firmly stuffed when contrasted with the approximately pressed atomic genome. A large portion of the coding successions are isolated by a couple of the non coding bases while covering is seen in just a portion of the coding arrangements. In certain qualities post interpretation presentation of UAA codon for example end codon is vital since they come up short on their own end codons. (T. STRACHAN and A. Peruse, 2004,p19) Figure 9.3 The association of the human mitochondrial genome. The H strand is deciphered from two firmly divided advertiser areas fl anking the tRNAPhe quality (assembled here as PH); the L strand is translated from the PL advertiser the other way. In the two cases, huge essential transcripts are created and severed to produce RNAs for singular qualities. All qualities need int rons and are firmly grouped. The images for protein-coding qualities are appeared here without the prefi x MT-that signifi es mitochondrial quality. The qualities that encode subunits 6 and 8 of the ATP synthase (ATP6 and ATP8) are mostly covering. Other polypeptide-encoding qualities indicate seven NADH dehydrogenase subunits (ND4L and ND1â€ND6), three cytochrome c oxidase subunits (CO1â€CO3), and cytochrome b (CYB). tRNA qualities are spoken to with the name of the amino corrosive that they tie. The short 7S DNA strand is delivered by rehash combination of a short portion of the H strand (see Figure 9.2). Examination OF NUCLEAR AND MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME (T. STRACHAN and A. Peruse, 2004,p21) Single quality issue These chiefly incorporate autosomal, X connected and Y connected. These disarranges are called as Mendelian issue as they follow the mendelian request of legacy. Some different issue, for example, Non mendelians ones are likewise remembered for the rundown. (AKUL MEHTA .2012) Both the sperm and the egg add to the arrangement atomic genome in the zygote while the mitochondrial should take the grouping from the egg only.(T. STRACHAN and A. Peruse, 2004) Autosomal predominant These clutters are generally basic in the offsprings who have one of the two guardians with the variation from the norm. These scatters are essentially brought about by change in one of the qualities just with the 50 % probability of getting the transformed quality. The malady as a rule grows later in the life or it would even not show up at all as the penetrance

Introduction to Molecular Vaccinology

Question: Talk about the Introduction to Molecular Vaccinology. Answer: The antibody created against smallpox is vaccinia infection. Examinations were led with this replication capable infection and the outcomes indicated viability. Thusly, with further advancement of Recombinant DNA Technology, recombinant vaccinia antibodies were produced that express the ideal remote qualities (Monath, 2005). This antibody framework is created to communicate recombinant proteins in mammalian cells. The significant preferred position offered by this articulation framework is post-translational change. (Giese, 2016) Studies demonstrated that recombinant vaccinia framework is likewise powerful against ailments other than smallpox (Monath, 2015). Clinical preliminaries remember an utilization of recombinant vaccinia framework for malignant growth, parasitic and viral ailments. The paper will examine the subtleties of articulation of vaccinia vector immunization.' So as to decide if the quality has communicated in the cell or creature the quality that was consolidated in recombinant DNA is supplanted with the columnist quality at the coding segment. Later the quality articulation can be observed by evaluating the fluorescence or chemical action of the quality item. The DNA successions present at the upstream of the coding area control the translation of the journalist quality and drive its demeanor as appeared in the figure 1. The recombinant DNA particle is then presented in the cell. Figure: 1 Gene articulation utilizing columnist quality (Source: Jang et al., 2014) An) In this model the coding grouping forproteinX is swapped by the coding arrangement for protein Y. (B) Various pieces ofDNAcontaining up-and-comer administrative groupings are included blends. Therecombinant DNAmolecules are then tried forexpressionafter theirtransfectioninto a wide range of kinds of mammalian cells, (C). For tests in eucaryotic cells, two generally utilized journalist proteins are the chemicals - galactosidase(- gal)andgreen fluorescent protein At first a vector for articulation for flu infection is developed as talked about in the past task. The vector was changed to have E.coli that was developed in LB media containing ampicillin and chloramphenical. The cells were refined upto O.D of 0.65 at 600 nm. 1 mM IPTG was included the medium and protein articulation was initiated for the length of six hours at the temperature of 30C. The cell lysate was centrifuged to acquire pellet portion which will be utilized for performing SDS-PAGE (Jang et al., 2014). Protein groups were imagined by recoloring with coomassie splendid blue as appeared in figure 2. Figure: 2 Analysis of protein profiles by means of SDS-PAGE. (Source: Jang et al., 2014) The immunological examinations led by Harrington et al., (2002) portray in subtleties the safe reaction in mice to presentation with Recombinant vaccinia infections (rVV). rVV were made from the P13 clone of smallpox. rVV were presented in the mice after disease with vaccinia infection that communicates the cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from lymphocytic choriomeningitis infection (LCMV). The ascent in CTLs was investigated by recoloring cytokines before which it was invigorated with explicit peptide. Mice were immunized with various portions of VV to assess the counter acting agent reaction. It was found by performing ELISA and Western smearing that there was the expansion in immunizer reaction explicitly to gE and gB qualities of VV. References Giese, M. (2016). Sorts of Recombinant Vaccines. InIntroduction to Molecular Vaccinology(pp. 199-232). Springer International Publishing. Harrington, L. E., van der Most, R., Whitton, J. L., Ahmed, R. (2002). Recombinant vaccinia infection instigated T-cell resistance: quantitation of the reaction to the infection vector and the outside epitope.Journal of virology,76(7), 3329-3337. Jang, Y. H., Cho, S. H., Son, A., Lee, Y. H., Lee, J., Lee, K. H., Seong, B. L. (2014). High return dissolvable articulation of recombinant flu infection antigens from Escherichia coli and their latent capacity utilizes in diagnosis.Journal of virological methods,196, 56-64. Monath, T. P. (2005). Yellow fever vaccine.Expert audit of vaccines,4(4), 553-574. Monath, T. P., Seligman, S. J., Robertson, J. S., Guy, B., Hayes, E. B., Condit, R. C., ... Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group. (2015). Live infection immunizations dependent on a yellow fever antibody spine: normalized format with key contemplations for a hazard/advantage assessment.Vaccine,33(1), 62-72.

Magical Attic Race for the Apples Math Maze

Magical Attic Race for the Apples Math Maze FutureFit SV ? A fun maze puzzle that reinforces math skills Help Eclipse Doggy find his way to his apple snack! The catch - early learners need to choose the path that adds up to 10 in order to reach their goal. This printable helps build number recognition, counting, and addition skills for grades K-2, and provides a fun challenge in the process! BCP Imagines BCP Imagines BCP Imagines designs and develops unique multimedia that brings children and their families creative, fun, shared experiences. Our award-winning cross-platform content encourages creative learning, expression and play while helping kids of ALL ages open their imaginations and look at their world in a new way. BCP Imagines' multi-award winning series Drawing with Mark brings the joy of learning to draw to all ages. The Magical Attic?, where anything is possible,? was created to help foster imagination and creative play while encouraging positive attitudes emphasizing the important lessons of kindness, friendship and helping others. Visit the Magical Attic store or purchase the Drawing with Mark collection!

Walt Disney Company And Its International Theme Parks

Before discussing the cultural missteps taken by the Walt Disney Company (TWDC) at their international theme parks, a quick overview of the company and its international theme parks will be given. The Walt Disney Company is an entertainment conglomerate with business divisions in movies, television, radio, theater, publishing, and theme parks. Since the focus of this paper is international theme parks, only a brief history of the American theme parks will be discussed. Walt Disney thought of the idea of the theme park one day when he took his daughters to a local park and watched them as they rode the merry-go-round (Disney, 2009). Disney wanted a place where children and their parents could have fun and enjoy the rides together (Disney,†¦show more content†¦Tokyo Disneyland Tokyo Disneyland (TDL) was the Walt Disney Company’s first attempt at planning and developing an international theme park. In the 1970’s after Walt Disney’s death, the Walt Disney Company was not doing well financially when the Oriental Land Company (OLC) approached the company about opening a theme park in Tokyo. The Oriental Land Company, according to Raz (1999), author of Riding the Black Ship: Japan and Tokyo Disneyland, is a partnership between two large firms in Japan, the Mitsui Real Estate Development and Keisei Electric Railway (p.4). The Walt Disney Company was hesitant to open a new theme park in its current financial state, but the OLC offered them a deal that was hard to resist. The Oriental Land Company would own and operate the Tokyo Disneyland while the Walt Disney Company would receive â€Å"10 percent of admissions fees and 5 percent of the revenues from food and souvenir sales† (Raz, 1999, p. 27). The Walt Disney Company also received li censing fees up to 20 million dollars for their characters, attractions, and more, as well as control over the design of the park and control of park operations (Raz, 1999, p. 27; Eisner Schwartz, 1998, p.263). Although the deal seemed alluring at the time, the Walt Disney Company would soon come to regret the deal they made with the Oriental Land Company. Tokyo Disneyland opened on April 15th, 1983 and is described as â€Å"a carbon copy of its American counterparts†Show MoreRelatedGeneral Definitions. Before Going Into The Background Of1504 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Walt Disney Company and its theme parks, it is necessary to define some terms that are used throughout the paper. These terms are defined as the researcher understands them as a former cast member of the Walt Disney Company. The first term that needs to be defined is â€Å"guest†. Instead of calling people who visit their theme parks customers, the Walt Disney Company refers to visitors of their theme parks as guests. This is to keep up with the show and the storytelling of the company since DisneyRead MoreDisneyland Paris ( Formerly Euro Disney )1291 Words   |  6 PagesEuro Disney) While Tokyo Disneyland is considered a great success, the Walt Disney Company’s next international theme park venture, Euro Disney, is quite the opposite. In the 1980’s with the great success of Tokyo Disneyland, TWDC entertained the idea of building another international theme park. The Walt Disney Company knew they wanted to build a park in Europe but needed to find a place where they could build their own reality free from the sights and sounds of the real world. The Walt Disney CompanyRead MoreIn A Narrative Format Discuss The Key Facts And Critical955 Words   |  4 Pagesfacts presented in the ?Walt Disney Around the Globe? case study presented by Ferrell, Hurt, Ferrell, 2009, discussed expansion and more specifically globalization expansion into international markets. The key facts presented were the history of The Walt Disney Company. Disneyland first opened in 1955 in Anaheim, California with a second location opening in Orlando, Florida in 1971, and the barriers and issues faced when opening international Disneyland theme parks. After enjoying the AmericanRead MoreEssay Euro Disney the Failure1269 Words   |  6 PagesWalt Disney is the world leader in family entertainment and one of the most valuable brands in the world. Recently, Walt Disney has decided to open up a Disney Theme Park in Hong Kong China, which will be the first theme park in China. Since the opening of Euro Disney, the Walt Disney Company has learned to take into consideration important determinants so that their investment will not be a huge financial loss. Unfortunately, Since Disney did not research as much as they should of when decidingRead MoreCase Study- Disney Theme Park1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe Walt Disney Company is the world’s largest amusement park operator. It was founded on October 16, 1923, by Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, Taking on its current name Disney in 1986. Chapter 1: Case – Disney Theme Park Contents I. Case Background 1 II. Statement of the Problem 3 III. Alternatives 3 IV. Recommended Solution 3 V. Answers to the case questions 4 Question No. 1: 4 Question No. 2: 4 Question No. 3: 5 Question No. 4: 5 VI. LeaningsRead MoreDisney s Strategic Process Of Success Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesWalt Disney transformed a small private company into a blooming public company surrounded by success. The case study presents his strategic process of success starting from the ground-potential he encompassed as a young boy. Today, Disney is still a famous company seen throughout everyday life in a wide variety of presentations. Disney is represented through movies, short films, cartoons, television networks, theme parks, hotels, and characters. In accordance to the case study, the most importantRead MoreWalt Disney s Corporate Strategy988 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the Walt Disney Company s corporate strategy? (20 pts) †¢ â€Å"The Happiest Place on Earth†! Walt Disney’s corporate strategy focuses a lot on the family. They want to achieve family focuses content with the uses of technology to create an experience that will be the most memorable. Another key point of their strategy is to widen their reach of families on a more international scale. Being better than the competition has placed Walt Disney in the forefront. Media networks, theme parks, studio entertainmentRead MoreWalt Disney s Corporate Strategy1610 Words   |  7 Pages1.Walt Disney’s corporate strategy is called as Broad Differentiation. The strategy based on three principles which are following; - creating high-quality family content by incorporating a diverse range of businesses to its structure - to be a brand for every member of the family, not only children – such as Disney theme parks and resorts, its media network includes ESPN and ABC, Disney Cruise Line, studio productions, consumer products and interactive media channels. - make entertainment experiencesRead MoreErm Research Report On Walt Disney Company Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe Walt Disney Company â€Æ' ERM Research report – The Walt Disney Company I. COMPANY BACKGROUND The mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one of the world’s leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using our portfolio of brands to differentiate our content, services and consumer products, we seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world. According to the â€Å"2015-Annual-Report† of the Walt DisneyRead MoreDisney : Disney s Strongest Presence1007 Words   |  5 PagesDisney Offices/Locations Disney’s strongest presence is in the United States. However, with operations in more than 40 countries, approximately 166,000 employees and cast members around the world, Disney sets the standard for the future of entertainment. Whether it s Disney or Marvel, ESPN or PIXAR – in China or the United States, India or Argentina, Russia or the United Kingdom, the people of The Walt Disney Company create content and experiences in ways that are relevant to the many cultures

The Conflict Of Mr. Donaldson - 911 Words

1. The first conflict is existed between Mr. Waterhouse and Mr. Donaldson. The reason of the conflict is connected with different type of decision making between these two people. Another reason is connected with Donaldson’s attitude on working. It looks like that Donaldson is a selfish person who always does anything according to his personal point of view. talking about the type of conflict, it is avoidance: Mr. Waterhouse observes all the annoying things that performed by Mr. Donaldson, but he did not react actively on it. Being on doubts regarding the future of Mr. Donaldson, he represents an example of a justification type of account-giving response on a conflict: he does not know what to do and finds justifications for his position Another conflict is observed among Mr. Donaldson and Bettina Scheri, a woman, who organizes his programs, and is a manager of Mr. Donaldson. A man seems to be very familiar and unthankful here, and the conflict tends to look as competition, at least from Mr. Donaldson’s point of view. talking about the types of account-giving responses, it looks like that Mr. Donaldson is on the way of ideological account, he does not want to cope with the problem. Probably, he thinks that he is better than his manager. 2. talking about the motivators that drive two main people in the study, Mr. Waterhouse and Mr. Donaldson, it is essential to show that both are related on Maslow hierarchy of needs. Also both people are focusing on self-actualization, butShow MoreRelatedEthical Decision Making A Good Corporate Social Responsibility938 Words   |  4 Pagesfor family and worship (Green, n.d.). Critics say that believers and employees may be happy with the policy, but the store is losing business to competitors who remain open on Sundays and for longer hours. This might be true but it is not important to Mr. Green who contends that some things are more important than money. Green’s family Christian beliefs remian embedded throughout the business with no plans to change (Green, n.d.). Ethical decision making can protect the interests of shareholders andRead MoreCase Study : Ice Cream Division925 Words   |  4 Pagesreduction plan (Bethel, 2011). This decision will have a lasting influence on the future of the organization. Even though Mr. Moore is in a leadership role, the input of direct staff members will contribute to the final decision. The input of an effective management team can guide the organization into a positive direction or internal issues can derail the organization’s progress. Mr. Moore must react in order to insure the Chattanooga Ice Cream Division thrives for years to come. Management Team AfterRead MoreDestruction of Dreams, Failure of Dreamers in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1489 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ladder to success and being accepted by societys rich. When Gatsby finally invites the Sloans and Buchanans to his home for the afternoon, they show nothing less than utter disrespect for him. After Gatsby accepts an invitation for dinner with Mrs. Sloan, the party rebukes him behind his back. They leave without him, saying they couldnt wait. Although, Gatsby is wealthy and successful, the inherent divisions between new money and old money keep him far away from his dream of being partRead MoreWorld War I And The Great Gatsby2214 Words   |  9 Pages The 1920’s Itself Was A Firework Class issues played a great role in The Great Gatsby it is the root of all conflict and excitement. Your class would determine not just how you lived but what kind of social life you would have whether it was â€Å"old money† or â€Å" new money†. 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To begin with, DaisyRead MoreJohn Q: an Ethical Analys and Review3010 Words   |  13 Pagesthe discontent at the current system and justifies the use of such force to serve one’s own end, however desperate it might be, the justification of any sort of deception and manipulation, as Mr. Archibald deceived and manipulated hostages and hospital administrators as a means to his desired end, is in conflict with the familiar categorical imperative of Kantian Deontology. This in itself is, by that theory, unethical and a deplorable action in the context of deontology. On the topic of the ethicsRead MoreReview Of Pride And Prejudice 2587 Words   |  11 PagesMontana Oltrogge Mrs. Donaldson English 2 Period 6 12 May 2016 Pride and Prejudice Book File Title: Pride and Prejudice Author: Jane Austen Publication information: Year: 1813 Publisher: Signet Classics Location. 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Junk Food Research Papaer Free Essays

It too can be tied in with so many children eating junk food and fast food. There are many reasons that American children suffer from obesity, like not eating healthy meals at home or school, no one to prepare healthy meals for them or simply, love to eat fast food and junk food. Despite limited evidence, there is a growing concern that junk food in schools has contributed to the childhood obesity epidemic. We will write a custom essay sample on Junk Food Research Papaer or any similar topic only for you Order Now The IBM (body mass index) is a collected weight and height measurements of children who are overweight by eating fast food and junk food. They can run down to the local corner tore and grab chips and a coke for a meal which can lead to unhealthy results later. Studies have shown, that junk foods can lead to certain illness and diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, fatigue and even different types of cancers. Can relate to the serious disease, type II diabetes too well. My father and my late husband was diagnosed with the disease. Watched both my father and my husband gorge on junk foods and unhealthy foods, then go give themselves insulin shots. I never understood the irony of that concept. Overtime, high levels of sugar and carbohydrates in junk food can lead to type II diabetes. Type II diabetes occurs when your pancreas makes little or no insulin, which help keeps your blood sugar level in the right range for your body. Having type II diabetes can potentially lead to other health risks if the blood sugar level gets too high and too often. High blood sugar levels can also have serious effects on your blood vessels by thinning the lining of them. Believe it or not, thinning blood vessels can lead to heart attacks and stoke in people. One of the main reasons that some men have erectile dysfunction is because the thin lining that the blood vessels and could be an early sign of something more to come. Because junk food doesn’t contain the protein or complex carbohydrates that your body needs to maintain consistent blood sugar levels, your blood sugar levels will drop suddenly soon after eating. You’ll crave sugar and likely end up eating more junk food. Over time, this stress damages your body’s ability to use the insulin secreted by your pancreas. A healthy diet can help maintain your body’s insulin sensitivity. You may wonder if you have to give up all fast food once you’ve been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Common sense says that fast food is not likely to be on the preferred foods list for people with diabetes. A typical fast food breakfast can put you at or over your daily limit for fat, cholesterol, and carbohydrates. There are, better choices you can make to get the nutrition you need and take advantage of fast food’s convenience. First of all, fast food doesn’t have to mean eating the fatty offerings. Planning ahead is the key. Many fast food chains now feature healthier choices to eat and these are the restaurants you want to go to grab a quick and fast healthy meal. Doesn’t seem like high blood pressure and diabetes go hand and hand. High blood pressure is also one of the leading cause and major risks of heart attacks and strokes. Fast food contains unhealthy amounts of sodium and fat, which can negatively affect blood pressure. About 90 percent of Americans eat too much sodium, according to the Centers for Disease Control. It’s estimated that Americans eat on average 3,300 milliards of sodium each day, which is more than the recommended intake of 2,300 milliards, according to the CDC. Roughly a quarter of the sodium you eat comes from restaurant foods, estimates the CDC. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls. The heart pumps blood into the arteries (blood vessels) which carry the blood throughout the body. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, means the pressure in your arteries is above the normal range. In most cases, no one knows what causes high blood pressure. What you eat can affect your blood pressure. Controlling your sodium intake is particularly critical as you get older, since blood pressure increases naturally with age. The risk of high blood pressure more than doubles once you reach age 35 and over. A single high fat, fast food could meal have a negative effect on blood pressure, according to a study published in â€Å"The Journal of Nutrition† in April 2007. In the study, healthy participants et two fast food meals containing 42 grams of fat on separate occasions, or two low-fat, non-fast food meals. The high fat, fast food meals caused blood pressure to rise and the heart to beat faster, compared the group who ate a low-fat meal. This data supports evidence that excess fat, particular saturated fat, contributes to sustained high blood pressure, according to the study. As you can see, national studies show how junk food can really be a negative substance to the body, no matter how good the taste.. Have you ever notice that you tired and fatigue, but you’re getting plenty of est. every night, could junk food make you lazy or does being lazy make you eat junk food. Let’s find out which one is more than other. A new study finds eating too much junk food doesn’t only make you fat, it may also make you mentally slower or less motivated. At least that seems to be true in lab rats. New research from UCLA points found that eating sugary, processed, and high-fat foods can actually cause tiredness, a lack of motivation and decreased performance, according to a study published in the April 10 issue of Physiology Behavior. In a study, thirty-two female rats were placed on one of two diets for six months. The first was a standard rat’s diet of unprocessed foods like ground corn and fish meal. The second was made up of highly processed foods that included substantially more sugar, similar to a human junk food diet. After three months, the 16 rats on the junk food diet became much fatter than the others and they got lazier too. As part of the study, the rats were given a task in which they were required to press a lever to receive a food or water reward. The rats on the junk food diet demonstrated impaired performance, taking longer breaks than the lean rats before returning to the task. In a 30-minute session, the overweight rats took areas that were nearly twice as long as the lean ones. After six months, the rats’ diets were switched, and the overweight rats were given the more nutritious diet for nine days. This change, however, didn’t help reduce their weight or improve their responses. The reverse was also true: Placing the lean rats on the junk food diet for nine days didn’t increase their weight noticeably or result in any reduction in their motivation on the lever task. These findings suggest that a pattern of consuming junk food, not just the occasional binge, is responsible for obesity and cognitive impairments. Have you heard of the term: you are what you eat? Well a person that eats fast food and foods that are high in fat and sugar tends to have a higher risk of contracting bowel cancer. Although those high levels fast foods. Even though cancer us usually caused by genetic damage that happens inside an individual cell. There are so many different types of cancer that one can have like, skin cancer, blood cancers, colon cancer and even infectious cancer diseases such as AIDS. Some cancer can be contributed to high levels of fat in diets and unhealthy meals. Cancer is caused by a number factors, some of which we can control, and mom we cannot. One of the uncontrollable factors is the presence of gene mutations. The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (APPC) recently filed suit against seven major restaurants and fast-food chains in the State Of California. McDonald’s, Burger King, Chick-fill-A, Chili’s, Applause’s, Outback Steakhouse and T. G. I. Friday’s. The reason for the suit? These companies are knowingly serving food containing carcinogens without a health warning to the consumer. The APPC commissioned an independent laboratory to test grilled chicken products from California outlets of all seven chains. Pulp (one of a group of carcinogenic compounds called heterocyclic amines) was found in every grilled chicken sample provided for testing. Heterocyclic amines were added to the list of known carcinogens in 2005 and Pulp specifically has been on the California governor’s list of chemicals known to cause cancer for more than a decade. Grilled chicken can cause cancer and consumers deserve to know that this supposedly healthy product is actually just as bad for them as high-fat fried chicken,† says APPC President Neal Bernard, MD. â€Å"Even a grilled chicken salad increases the risk of breast cancer, prostate cancer and other forms of his lethal disease. McDonald’s, Burger King and Wend’s were accused in a lawsuit of selling chi cken they know contains a chemical that can cause cancer even in small amounts. McDonald’s, the world’s biggest restaurant company, and the other dining chains were sued in a state court in Hartford, Connecticut. The complaint, filed by Washington based Cancer Project on behalf of two Connecticut residents, seeking a class action lawsuit on the behalf of people who bought or ate the grilled chicken from October 2006. It’s time to consider that the only way fast-food restaurants will start sharing our growing concern for healthier eating choices is if we stop going. It’s time to seriously consider the risk to ourselves and our children, and weigh those risks against the â€Å"convenience† being offered by fast food. We have other options. Fast food is not the only choice for busy parents. If you have a busy life and can’t believe there are other option Fast food is relatively cheap, comparing with traditional food. It may cost as low as a few dollars with no service charges or tips at all. It is highly accessible, which many of those fast food restaurants open 24 hours a day 7 says a week with no prior reservation required, and is ready to serve as soon as when people have just finished their orders. People have the choice of to dine in, take away or even drive through for their meals. These advantages, which fit and match the city life style seamlessly, make fast food so attractive and irreplaceable. However, as the raising awareness of people’s health in recent days, fast food has been accused as one of the major harms to a healthy life. Fast food, usually serves with oversized hamburgers and fries, contains excessive fat, both trans-fat and non-trans fat, causing serious illnesses such as obesity and earth diseases, and beverages, like cream soda and coke, contains overdosed sweetener, is one of the major reasons causing diabetic. Moreover, preservatives and flavor enhancers mixed into those frozen ingredients would significantly decrease the nutrition value of the meals. In conclusion, fast food is definitely quick, cheap and highly accessible. It is always ready on the fly, and seems to be a very good and simple option when people hope to squeeze their packed schedules for some time. However, people might mistakenly overlook the quality of food, in particular ingredients and nutrition facts, and jeopardize and risk their health. How to cite Junk Food Research Papaer, Essays

Junk Food Research Papaer Free Essays

It too can be tied in with so many children eating junk food and fast food. There are many reasons that American children suffer from obesity, like not eating healthy meals at home or school, no one to prepare healthy meals for them or simply, love to eat fast food and junk food. Despite limited evidence, there is a growing concern that junk food in schools has contributed to the childhood obesity epidemic. We will write a custom essay sample on Junk Food Research Papaer or any similar topic only for you Order Now The IBM (body mass index) is a collected weight and height measurements of children who are overweight by eating fast food and junk food. They can run down to the local corner tore and grab chips and a coke for a meal which can lead to unhealthy results later. Studies have shown, that junk foods can lead to certain illness and diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, fatigue and even different types of cancers. Can relate to the serious disease, type II diabetes too well. My father and my late husband was diagnosed with the disease. Watched both my father and my husband gorge on junk foods and unhealthy foods, then go give themselves insulin shots. I never understood the irony of that concept. Overtime, high levels of sugar and carbohydrates in junk food can lead to type II diabetes. Type II diabetes occurs when your pancreas makes little or no insulin, which help keeps your blood sugar level in the right range for your body. Having type II diabetes can potentially lead to other health risks if the blood sugar level gets too high and too often. High blood sugar levels can also have serious effects on your blood vessels by thinning the lining of them. Believe it or not, thinning blood vessels can lead to heart attacks and stoke in people. One of the main reasons that some men have erectile dysfunction is because the thin lining that the blood vessels and could be an early sign of something more to come. Because junk food doesn’t contain the protein or complex carbohydrates that your body needs to maintain consistent blood sugar levels, your blood sugar levels will drop suddenly soon after eating. You’ll crave sugar and likely end up eating more junk food. Over time, this stress damages your body’s ability to use the insulin secreted by your pancreas. A healthy diet can help maintain your body’s insulin sensitivity. You may wonder if you have to give up all fast food once you’ve been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Common sense says that fast food is not likely to be on the preferred foods list for people with diabetes. A typical fast food breakfast can put you at or over your daily limit for fat, cholesterol, and carbohydrates. There are, better choices you can make to get the nutrition you need and take advantage of fast food’s convenience. First of all, fast food doesn’t have to mean eating the fatty offerings. Planning ahead is the key. Many fast food chains now feature healthier choices to eat and these are the restaurants you want to go to grab a quick and fast healthy meal. Doesn’t seem like high blood pressure and diabetes go hand and hand. High blood pressure is also one of the leading cause and major risks of heart attacks and strokes. Fast food contains unhealthy amounts of sodium and fat, which can negatively affect blood pressure. About 90 percent of Americans eat too much sodium, according to the Centers for Disease Control. It’s estimated that Americans eat on average 3,300 milliards of sodium each day, which is more than the recommended intake of 2,300 milliards, according to the CDC. Roughly a quarter of the sodium you eat comes from restaurant foods, estimates the CDC. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls. The heart pumps blood into the arteries (blood vessels) which carry the blood throughout the body. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, means the pressure in your arteries is above the normal range. In most cases, no one knows what causes high blood pressure. What you eat can affect your blood pressure. Controlling your sodium intake is particularly critical as you get older, since blood pressure increases naturally with age. The risk of high blood pressure more than doubles once you reach age 35 and over. A single high fat, fast food could meal have a negative effect on blood pressure, according to a study published in â€Å"The Journal of Nutrition† in April 2007. In the study, healthy participants et two fast food meals containing 42 grams of fat on separate occasions, or two low-fat, non-fast food meals. The high fat, fast food meals caused blood pressure to rise and the heart to beat faster, compared the group who ate a low-fat meal. This data supports evidence that excess fat, particular saturated fat, contributes to sustained high blood pressure, according to the study. As you can see, national studies show how junk food can really be a negative substance to the body, no matter how good the taste.. Have you ever notice that you tired and fatigue, but you’re getting plenty of est. every night, could junk food make you lazy or does being lazy make you eat junk food. Let’s find out which one is more than other. A new study finds eating too much junk food doesn’t only make you fat, it may also make you mentally slower or less motivated. At least that seems to be true in lab rats. New research from UCLA points found that eating sugary, processed, and high-fat foods can actually cause tiredness, a lack of motivation and decreased performance, according to a study published in the April 10 issue of Physiology Behavior. In a study, thirty-two female rats were placed on one of two diets for six months. The first was a standard rat’s diet of unprocessed foods like ground corn and fish meal. The second was made up of highly processed foods that included substantially more sugar, similar to a human junk food diet. After three months, the 16 rats on the junk food diet became much fatter than the others and they got lazier too. As part of the study, the rats were given a task in which they were required to press a lever to receive a food or water reward. The rats on the junk food diet demonstrated impaired performance, taking longer breaks than the lean rats before returning to the task. In a 30-minute session, the overweight rats took areas that were nearly twice as long as the lean ones. After six months, the rats’ diets were switched, and the overweight rats were given the more nutritious diet for nine days. This change, however, didn’t help reduce their weight or improve their responses. The reverse was also true: Placing the lean rats on the junk food diet for nine days didn’t increase their weight noticeably or result in any reduction in their motivation on the lever task. These findings suggest that a pattern of consuming junk food, not just the occasional binge, is responsible for obesity and cognitive impairments. Have you heard of the term: you are what you eat? Well a person that eats fast food and foods that are high in fat and sugar tends to have a higher risk of contracting bowel cancer. Although those high levels fast foods. Even though cancer us usually caused by genetic damage that happens inside an individual cell. There are so many different types of cancer that one can have like, skin cancer, blood cancers, colon cancer and even infectious cancer diseases such as AIDS. Some cancer can be contributed to high levels of fat in diets and unhealthy meals. Cancer is caused by a number factors, some of which we can control, and mom we cannot. One of the uncontrollable factors is the presence of gene mutations. The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (APPC) recently filed suit against seven major restaurants and fast-food chains in the State Of California. McDonald’s, Burger King, Chick-fill-A, Chili’s, Applause’s, Outback Steakhouse and T. G. I. Friday’s. The reason for the suit? These companies are knowingly serving food containing carcinogens without a health warning to the consumer. The APPC commissioned an independent laboratory to test grilled chicken products from California outlets of all seven chains. Pulp (one of a group of carcinogenic compounds called heterocyclic amines) was found in every grilled chicken sample provided for testing. Heterocyclic amines were added to the list of known carcinogens in 2005 and Pulp specifically has been on the California governor’s list of chemicals known to cause cancer for more than a decade. Grilled chicken can cause cancer and consumers deserve to know that this supposedly healthy product is actually just as bad for them as high-fat fried chicken,† says APPC President Neal Bernard, MD. â€Å"Even a grilled chicken salad increases the risk of breast cancer, prostate cancer and other forms of his lethal disease. McDonald’s, Burger King and Wend’s were accused in a lawsuit of selling chi cken they know contains a chemical that can cause cancer even in small amounts. McDonald’s, the world’s biggest restaurant company, and the other dining chains were sued in a state court in Hartford, Connecticut. The complaint, filed by Washington based Cancer Project on behalf of two Connecticut residents, seeking a class action lawsuit on the behalf of people who bought or ate the grilled chicken from October 2006. It’s time to consider that the only way fast-food restaurants will start sharing our growing concern for healthier eating choices is if we stop going. It’s time to seriously consider the risk to ourselves and our children, and weigh those risks against the â€Å"convenience† being offered by fast food. We have other options. Fast food is not the only choice for busy parents. If you have a busy life and can’t believe there are other option Fast food is relatively cheap, comparing with traditional food. It may cost as low as a few dollars with no service charges or tips at all. It is highly accessible, which many of those fast food restaurants open 24 hours a day 7 says a week with no prior reservation required, and is ready to serve as soon as when people have just finished their orders. People have the choice of to dine in, take away or even drive through for their meals. These advantages, which fit and match the city life style seamlessly, make fast food so attractive and irreplaceable. However, as the raising awareness of people’s health in recent days, fast food has been accused as one of the major harms to a healthy life. Fast food, usually serves with oversized hamburgers and fries, contains excessive fat, both trans-fat and non-trans fat, causing serious illnesses such as obesity and earth diseases, and beverages, like cream soda and coke, contains overdosed sweetener, is one of the major reasons causing diabetic. Moreover, preservatives and flavor enhancers mixed into those frozen ingredients would significantly decrease the nutrition value of the meals. In conclusion, fast food is definitely quick, cheap and highly accessible. It is always ready on the fly, and seems to be a very good and simple option when people hope to squeeze their packed schedules for some time. However, people might mistakenly overlook the quality of food, in particular ingredients and nutrition facts, and jeopardize and risk their health. How to cite Junk Food Research Papaer, Essays

Networking in Business Sector

Business networking can be defined as the process by which business owners and/or managers leverage both their personal and business connections for the purpose of bringing their enterprises a regular supply of business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Networking in Business Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result of this process, mutually beneficial relationships are proactively or otherwise created not only with other like-minded and willing-to-cooperate businesses, but with existing as well as potential customers. In essence, the socioeconomic activity that is business networking aims at searching, creating, or recognizing business opportunities and subsequently acting upon such for the benefit of the networked parties. Creating networks in the business sphere is actually harder than it may appear. This is for the simple reason that at the core of networking are human relationships, which are quite complicated and therefore challenging to manage. Nonetheless, strong business networks can bring a business a host of benefits. To start with, it is well established that up to three quarters of new business gained by a majority of business enterprises comes from networking or what is commonly referred to as relationship marketing/ business referrals. In addition, this method of winning business is by far cost effective as compared to other marketing techniques such as public relations, sales promotion, and advertising. This is so because as opposed to other techniques of marketing whose success depends to a large extend on the amount of financial resources committed, a successful business network only requires personal commitment of the business owners/managers in addition to their relationship building skills. Another benefit that can accrue to an enterprise from establishment of strong business networks is elevation of its business profile. Under this, network members get to kno w an enterprise even deeper in terms or its products and services, which in turn significantly expands the base of a its existing as well as potential clientele. Moreover, an enterprise stands to benefit from significantly cheap or even free consultancy services as well as advice from more knowledgeable or more experienced members in the network. Also, an enterprise in business network can quite easily get help from fellow members during hard times. This could be through such actions as lending it cheap loans, bailing it out of the threat of financial collapse, and helping it repel off harsh takeover bids from rivals.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, because each business network tend to have its own culture and set of values, a business enterprise can emulate the positive work values from the network and integrate them in its operations for its own advantage. A business network can either be formal or informal. Up until recently, informal business networks were the norm. The trend is however changing rapidly with formal business networking companies cropping up especially on the internet. In this regard, business networking is becoming highly organized, and it is no longer strange to hear of formal weekly or monthly networking meetings organized by groups of business owners or managers in the network. In sum, business networking is a cheap way to win new business at quick of a business, and the amount of benefits an enterprise can derive from networking highly depends on the interpersonal skills of the business owner or manager. As such, business networking must not only be focused but strategic. Moreover, business owners and/or managers must be proactive in forging business relations with like-minded firms. This way, many invaluable opportunities would open up for such managers/owners and their firms. This essay on Networking in Business Sector was written and submitted by user Lilith Holt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Como Agua Para Chocolate

In magical realism you find the transformation of the common, into the awesome and the unreal as a part of everyday reality. According to Literature and Its Time, the term was first used by the German art critic Franz Roh in 1925, it described a manner of painting that â€Å"was not a mixture of reality and fantasy but a way to uncover the mystery hidden in ordinary objects†. In Like Water for Chocolate, Laura Esquivel uses magical realism to combine reality and surreality onto the same plane making it seem as if the unreal happens as a part of everyday life. Laura Esquivel was born in 1951 in Mexico City, Mexico. She was born the only daughter to a telegraph operator and his wife (Wyoming 1). Esquivel spent eight years as a teacher and a writer and director for a children’s theater. According to â€Å"Like Water for Chocolate,† an article by Wyoming Council for Humanities, Mrs. Esquivel wrote screenplays before she wrote novels. Her first screenplay, which she wrote for Alfonso Arau, Chido One, was nominated for the Ariel Award as best screenplay in 1985. Como agua para Chocolate is the first novel by Laura Esquivel. It was published first in Spanish in 1989, followed by an English translation in 1992. The book went on to be translated into thirty languages. Like Water for Chocolate became a national bestseller in 1990 and was a New York Times bestseller for several weeks. The Spanish language film based on Como agua para Chocolate won eleven awards from the Mexican Academy of Motion Pictures, including Best Pictu re. The English translation of the picture was the largest grossing foreign film. Other works from Laura Esquivel include, Ley del Amor (1996) and Swift as Desire (2001). Esquivel married Alfonso Arau, whom she wrote Chido One for, and currently lives in Mexico City. Esquivel describes herself as a vegetarian, gypsy-like hippie who liked to meditate during the 1960s and 1970s. She protested rules that she th... Free Essays on Como Agua Para Chocolate Free Essays on Como Agua Para Chocolate In magical realism you find the transformation of the common, into the awesome and the unreal as a part of everyday reality. According to Literature and Its Time, the term was first used by the German art critic Franz Roh in 1925, it described a manner of painting that â€Å"was not a mixture of reality and fantasy but a way to uncover the mystery hidden in ordinary objects†. In Like Water for Chocolate, Laura Esquivel uses magical realism to combine reality and surreality onto the same plane making it seem as if the unreal happens as a part of everyday life. Laura Esquivel was born in 1951 in Mexico City, Mexico. She was born the only daughter to a telegraph operator and his wife (Wyoming 1). Esquivel spent eight years as a teacher and a writer and director for a children’s theater. According to â€Å"Like Water for Chocolate,† an article by Wyoming Council for Humanities, Mrs. Esquivel wrote screenplays before she wrote novels. Her first screenplay, which she wrote for Alfonso Arau, Chido One, was nominated for the Ariel Award as best screenplay in 1985. Como agua para Chocolate is the first novel by Laura Esquivel. It was published first in Spanish in 1989, followed by an English translation in 1992. The book went on to be translated into thirty languages. Like Water for Chocolate became a national bestseller in 1990 and was a New York Times bestseller for several weeks. The Spanish language film based on Como agua para Chocolate won eleven awards from the Mexican Academy of Motion Pictures, including Best Pictu re. The English translation of the picture was the largest grossing foreign film. Other works from Laura Esquivel include, Ley del Amor (1996) and Swift as Desire (2001). Esquivel married Alfonso Arau, whom she wrote Chido One for, and currently lives in Mexico City. Esquivel describes herself as a vegetarian, gypsy-like hippie who liked to meditate during the 1960s and 1970s. She protested rules that she th...

African American History and Women Timeline 1900-1919

African American History and Women Timeline 1900-1919 The following is a timeline of African American womens history from 1900-1919. 1900 (September) Nannie Helen Burroughts and others founded the Womens Convention of the National Baptist Convention 1901 Regina Anderson born (librarian, Harlem Reaissance figure) 1902 Local white protests of the appointment of Minnie Cos as postmistress of Indianola, Mississippi, led to President Theodore Roosevelt suspending postal services to the town. (February 27) Marian Anderson born (singer) (October 26) Elizabeth Cady Stanton died (antislavery and womens rights activist) 1903 Harriet Tubman signed over her home for the elderly to the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Harriet Marshall founded the Washington (DC) Conservatory, admitting African American students Maggie Lena Walker founded St. Lukes Penny Savings Bank in Richmond, Virginia, becoming the first woman bank president Sarah Breedlove Walker (Madam C.J. Walker) begins her haircare business Ella Baker born (civil rights activist) Zora Neale Hurston born (writer, folklorist) 1904 Virginia Broughton published Womens Work, as Gleaned from the Women of the Bible Mary McLeod Bethune founded what is today Bethune-Cookman College 1905 Niagara Movement founded (out of which the NAACP grew) National League for the Protection of Colored Women founded in New York Ariel Williams Holloway born (musician, teacher, poet, figure in Harlem Renaissance) Constitution of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, Wobblies) included a provision that no working man or woman shall be excluded from membership in unions because of creed or color first outdoor tuberculosis camp in the United States was opened in Indianapolis, Indiana, sponsored by the Womens Improvement Club 1906 after a riot in Brownsville, Texas, President Theodore Roosevelt delivered dishonorable discharges to three companies of African American soldiers; Mary Church Terrell was among those formally protesting this action second meeting of the Niagara Movement met at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, with about 100 men and women in attendance Josephine Baker born (entertainer) Susan B. Anthony died (reformer, abolitionist, womens rights advocate, lecturer) 1907 Negro Rural School Fund was established by Anna Jeanes, aimed at improving education for rural southern African Americans Gladys Bentley, Harlem Renaissance figure, became known for her risque and flamboyant piano playing and singing Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller received the first federal art commission awarded to an African American woman for figurines of African Americans to be used at the Jamestown Tercentenniel Exposition 1908 call issued which resulted in 1909 founding of NAACP; women signers included Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Jane Addams, Anna Garlin Spencer, and Harriot Stanton Blatch (daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton) in Los Angeles, the Womans Day Nursery Association was formed to provide care for African American children whose mothers worked outside the home Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority founded 1909 Nannie Helen Burroughs founded the National Training School for Women, Washington DC Gertrude Steins novel Three Lives characterizes a black female character, Rose, as having the simple, promiscuous immorality of Black people. (February 12) National Negro Conference 1910 second conference of the National Negro Conference forms the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), with  Mary White Ovington  as a key organizer holding a variety of offices 1910-1947 including as member of the Executive Board and board chair, 1917-1919; later women leaders included Ella Baker and  Myrlie Evers-Williams (September 29) Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes founded by Ruth Standish Baldwin and George Edmund Haynes 1911 Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes, Committee for the Improvement of Industrial Conditions Among Negroes in New York, and National League for the Protection of Colored Women merged, forming the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes (later just National Urban League) (January 4)  Charlotte Ray  died (first African American woman lawyer in the United States and the first woman admitted to the bar in the District of Columbia)   Edmonia Lewis  last reported in Rome; died that year or after (her death date and location are unknown) Mahalia Jackson born (gospel singer) (February 11)  Francis Ellen Watkins Harper  died (abolitionist, writer, poet) 1912 Virginia Lacy Jones born (librarian) Margaret Washington, newly elected president of the National Association of Colored Women, founded the periodical  National Notes 1913   Harriet Tubman  died (Underground Railroad conductor, abolitionist, womens rights advocate, soldier, spy, lecturer) Fannie Jackson Coppin died (educator) (February 4)  Rosa Parks  born (April 11) federal government officially segregates by race all federal workplaces, including rest rooms and eating facilities (-1915) Ruth Standish Baldwin served as president of the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes 1914 Marcus and Amy Jacques Garvey founded the Negro Universal Improvement Association in Jamaica this moved later to New York, promoting a homeland in Africa and independence in America for African Americans (or 1920) Daisy Bates born (civil rights activist) 1915 National Negro Health movement began to offer services to black communities, serving and including as health workers many African American women Billie Holiday born as Eleanora Fagan (singer) 1916 1917 Ella Fitzgerald born (singer)   Gwendolyn Brooks  born (poet) (June 30)  Lena Horne  born (singer, actress) (July 1-3) race riots in East St. Louis killed 40 to 200; 6,000 had to leave their homes (October 6)  Fannie Lou Hamer  born (activist) 1918 Frances Elliott Davis enrolled with the American Red Cross, the first African American nurse to do so (March 29)  Pearl Bailey  born 1919 NAACP founded with a number of women signing the call;  Mary White Ovington  became the first chairperson Pearl Primus born (dancer) Sarah Breedlove Walker (Madam C.J. Walker) died suddenly (executive, inventor, philanthropist);  ALelia Walker  becomes president of the Walker company Edmonia Highgate died (fundraiser, after the Civil War, for the Freedmans Association and the American Missionary Society, for educating freed slaves)

Love and marrage for normal people and gay &lesbian marrige Essay

Love and marrage for normal people and gay &lesbian marrige - Essay Example In your childhood, age all what you ask your parents for is love. A trophy for a little child is a kiss. In addition, when you get angry at children forgiveness for them is a huge. All that they understand is your emotions even if they cannot talk. They become very emotional as they grow up. When a child is three years old he or she become jealous, they want their parents to show this love only for them. At that time, the child is more emotional than any time before. Moreover, they get angry with you when you show love to their older or younger siblings. When Bell Hooks said† I talked to large audiences and even had wee one- on- one conversation with children about the way they think about love†(Yagelski, 256). She mentioned children because the angle they looked at love is concerned with care and trust. Considering children in love, is like defining love as pour emotions that start from youth until our hair is white. Love continuous in it is different stages as we go older. A teenager believes in love as a boyfriend or as a girlfriend. They have a different definition than the one that children had. However, some of them believe that love is all about sex. Moreover, they are confused between love and admiration. However, the presence of love still exists. Not to mention that in this age they become very emotional and sensitive. Teenagers feel that nobody understands them; they feel that the parent’s marriage atmosphere is not suitable for them. Some scientific theories say that they do not manage to control their emotions at this age. In fact, all that they think of in this age is seeking for love. The confusion that drives them to be emotional is due to the fact of building their selves. At this age, you realize what is your interest or what are your goals that you want to approach when you get older. As you become grown, and you get older, you recognize the real definition of love. You understand that love is an endless

M4 Differentiated, Learner-Centered Professional Development Essay

M4 Differentiated, Learner-Centered Professional Development - Essay Example There will be a survey that will be carried out at the end of the workshop to evaluate the workshop and to give suggestions for future workshops. There will also be an opportunity within the survey questionnaire for grading certain aspects of the institution in terms of teaching using the Leaning Forward and the Morzanos’ Nine steps. Participants are encouraged to be as honest as possible in their feedback to allow for accurate analysis and note that all the questionnaires shall remain anonymous for the sake of confidentiality. The professional development session will deal with both teachers and students. School administrators by the very nature of their work will also have to collaborate with the teachers and the students in terms of facilitating the means by which feedback is received and analyzed. This is the best practice for making changes and it is the best guide to decision making at all levels whether it is in the classroom or in the boardroom. Data based needs of new teachers can be slightly different from those who have been in the profession in the past because change is dynamic in all fields with the ever-changing work environment, which is influenced by change and technological advances. This has brought differentiation. It is pertinent to note that the teaching profession has many stakeholders with the major two stakeholders being the teacher and the student. The session will be borrowing heavily form Professional developments for professional learning, which is a leader in the area of individual teacher effectiveness. This is an effective and great approach to professional learning, which will translate to better student learning, as it seeks to improve the individual performance of teachers. The entire concept is core to the majority of national edu ­cation systems and their effectiveness, as this type of strategic approach puts singular emphasis on aligning professional development with teacher

Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods And Procurement

Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods And Procurement The term of procurement method is frequently complex network of relationships which are formed between clients, consultants and construction companies, to enable a building project to be realized. Quantity Surveyors know how to provide a full Procurement solution at the inspection stage. There are essential clients requirements at inspection stage such as; Advice on procurement method, Contractual advice, Contractor selection, Preparation of tender and contract documentation, Forms of contract, etc. Particularly on the construction project it is vitally important to arrangement of the right method of procuring the construction works. There are different types of procurement arrangements and options exist in the construction industry Such as; Traditional (Design-bid-build), Design and Build, Management Contracting, Construction Management, Design and Manage, etc. ADR typically refers to processes and techniques of resolving disputes that fall outside of the judicial process (HG.org Worldwide Legal Directories) ADR is takes few variety forms as Negotiation, Mini-trial, Mediation, Conciliation, Mutual fact-finding, Expert Determination, Private judging, Dispute resolution boards, etc. INTRODUCTION This report emphasize for identifying critical phases of the Construction procurement and Alternative dispute resolution methods Therefore, especially highlight concerning significant phases of procurement and disputes. And also critically discuss key role of Quantity Surveyor for Disputes resolution and opinions to improve the procurement methods. MAIN BODY DISCUSSION Explain the quantity surveyors role in the various needs of client for selection of procurement at inception stage of the construction project. What is the Procurement method of Construction Project? The term of procurement method is frequently complex network of relationships which are formed between clients, consultants and construction companies, to enable a building project to be realized. It is important to discriminate the contractual relationships from managerial links, and in complex modern procurement systems. (Which Contract? 4th edition by Sarah Lupton, Stanley Cox and Hugh Clamp) Clients Requirements at the Inspection Stage Quantity Surveyors know how to provide a full Procurement solution at the inspection stage of project for all clients, such as Main Contractors, Private Public Clients. Whatever level of construction procurement is required; Quantity Surveyors have the knowledge and experience to guide clients toward a successful construction project. Hence as identified essential clients requirements at inspection stage those can be specify as follows; Advice on the most appropriate procurement method for the project, Contractual advice, Contractor selection advice, Preparation of tender and contract documentation (bills of quantities schedules of rates), Forms of contract, Reviewing tender documents (drawings and specifications). Quantity Surveyor Role based on Client requirements at for select the Procurement methods Quantity surveyors have an important role to perform in building procurement selection at the inspection stage based on client requirements because choosing the right procurement method is vital to the success of a building project. Some experience clients who may have their own professional team and an effective procurement policy and inexperience client have little or no knowledge of procurement methods; hence they require extensive professional advice at the inspection stage. Below mentioned are the vital important roles as identified. Advice on the most appropriate procurement method: as a specialty of construction Contracts, Quantity Surveyor has to advice for select a suitable procurement methods based on client requirement. Since some clients need different type of procurement methods according to their project scope. Contractual advice: as an important part of contract at the initial stage of project, required preparing an agreement to obtain clear understand and less disputes until finish the project. Hence Quantity Surveyor involves selecting and advising proper suitable contract agreement for the project as per client requirements. Advice for Contractor selection: selection of suitable contractor is complex process within role of Quantity Surveyor, because project success is depend on which selected contract organization. Hence Quantity Surveyor involves at the project inspection stage considering client needs for select a reputed contractor according to the standards procedures. Preparation of tender and contract documentation: Quantity Surveyor involves directly for preparation of calling tenders and documentations, such as, Company guarantee, Sectional Completion, Limitation of Contractors Liability, Price Adjustment for Inflation , Bonus for early Completion, Delay Damages , Changes in Law, Condition of contract, Additional Conditions, Bills of quantities schedules of rates, etc. Forms of contract: Quantity Surveyor involves selecting suitable form of contract expelling having advantage to the project when select most suitable form of contract according to the considering client requirement. One of those as JCT forms FIDIC form, NEC form, ICTAD form of contract in Sri Lanka. Reviewing tender documents: Quantity Surveyor involve to review drawings and specifications for tenders process, also tender evaluation based on predetermined estimate and preparing final report for tender award. Analyze the different type of procurement arrangement (process of conducting with advantages and disadvantages). Particularly on the construction project it is vitally important to arrangement of the right method of procuring the construction works. Not only is it important to choose the right contractor but it is vital that the contract documentation and form of contract is appropriate to the project. In basic terms Procurement is the process used to obtain construction projects. It involves the selection of a contractual framework that clearly identifies the structure of responsibilities and authorities for participants within the building process. There are different types of procurement arrangements and options exist in the construction industry as follows; Traditional (Design-bid-build) Design and Build Management Contracting Construction Management Design and Manage Traditional (Design-bid-build) Generally Traditional methods can be described under few forms procuring process as follows; Cost Reimbursed Contract Cost plus percentage Cost plus Fixed fee Cost plus Targets Lump Sum Contract Measure and pay contracts Engineers Main Contractor CLIENT Cost Consultant / Quantity Surveyor Nominated Sub-Contractor Domestic Sub-Contractor Consultant The client who is appoints an Architect as initial appointment to the project under this method, subsequently the architect appoint his design team and other consultants as requires to the project. And also the design team provides advice to the client until completion of project execution. Furthermore understand of Contractual relationship shows by below given chart. (Refer to diagram 01) Diagram 01- Contractual relationship Cost Reimbursed Contract Introduction This method is not constructive for any client due to absence of tender sum or final predicted final cost. Hence cost reimbursed contract also often provide some incentive to contractors to control costs. This method generally used only for following situations; Emergency projects, when the correct scope is unavailable where payments will be paying day work basis etc. Cost plus percentage: The contractor paid for cost of labour, material, plant and subcontractors overheads profit. And Profit directly subsists with contractors expenditures. Hence this is not constructive for clients. Cost plus Fixed fee: Profits of Contractors are pre-determined and agree with both client and contractor under this method before the start of work. Also contractor will try to control the project cost by reducing his management costs etc. Lump Sum Contract This method generally both contractor and client agree for a fix amount before the commencement of the project. The contractor is responsible to carrying out works according to the contract documents referring to the agreed cost. Further lump sum contract obtain two forms as with Quantities and without Quantities. Measure and pay contracts Particularly the Contractor is paid for actual work done according to the contract documents. There are several types of methods under this process, based on provide Drawing and Specification, Performance specifications, Schedule of rates, Bill of quantities, Bill of Approximate quantities, etc. Advantages of Traditional Method The total cost of the project Client is familiar with early, Tender price is little, High tender quality and superlative tender competition, Allow to design changes, Assist the cost management process. Disadvantages of Traditional Method Acquire additional time to start work execution from inception, Risk of design mistake occur to project delay, Lack of participation of contractor with design process. Design and Build Employ of a contractor is directly by Client instead of appointing an architect to a project under this method. Hence the Contractor is responsible for both designing and execution of the project. Also appoint a design team for develop the design using tender process by Clint. The contractor is invited by the client to develop and build the design which is done by the clients consultant under this form. (Refer to diagram 02) Design and build Contractor Client Nominated Sub-Contractor Domestic Sub-Contractor Cost Consultant / Quantity Surveyor Architect Consultants Licensees Diagram 02- Contractual relationship Advantages Contractor cant make any charge on client for design errors, High level of price certainty exists, Reduced project duration and enhanced degree of buildability, Not necessary to appoint employees other than the Contractor. Disadvantages Difficult Cost management and comparison of tenders, The building may aesthetically less acceptable if the constructors organization is smaller or less experienced team, Less knowledge about the value for money client has. Management Contracting Architect Engineering Consultants CLIENT Quantity Surveyor Trade Contractor Management Contractor Trade Contractor Trade Contractor In this method, Contractor employs by the client for mange the whole project by considering past experiences. The management contractor not doing any construction works himself. Generally distributes work packages to sub-contractors and manages them. Also paid by the client for management fee and also any other additional costs for services if has to provide before or during the construction period. (Refer to diagram 03) Diagram 03- Contractual relationship Advantages Contractor work under clients team, therefore it influence to identify clients requirements. Design team can use Contractors knowledge and management experiences for design requirements. Work is able to start early once the design of each work package is completed and also reduce project duration. Disadvantages Final cost of the project available only after the completion of the last work package only. The client would have risk on cost which can increase due to design errors. Construction Management This is similar to the management contracting but deferent is each trade contractor has direct contract with the client. The client is appointing a construction manager either consultant or contractor for organize and plan construction work. Also there is responsibility of appointing a design team as client needs. Advantages Every trade contractor have direct contract with the client therefore it is easy to redress delays. Easy to avoid or minimize practical troubles due to close relationship between construction manager and design team. Work is able to start early once the design of each work package is completed. Construction works and Project management integrated directly. Disadvantages Financial commitment difficult to identify to the client until the final work package is signed. The client has to deal with another consultant and contractors instead of main contractor more. Design and manage Designer Work Sub-Contractor Scope designer CLIENT Design Manage Contractor This method also similar to the management contracting and however the major difference is additional design responsibility to the management contractor. The form of procurement of this type of contract shows similarities to the design and build contracts but extend of the single point design responsibility. (Refer to diagram 04) Diagram 04- Contractual relationship Advantages Design team can use project managers knowledge and management experiences. Work is able to start early once the design of each work package is completed. Practical problems possible to minimize or avoid and also reduce the project duration. Explain your view on the construction procurement and suggestion to improve the effectiveness. Suggestions to improvement of Traditional method Need to be avoiding design errors and project delays by involvement of a knowledgeable independent professional body at the inception of the project. Carryout the tendering process separately for each trade package once it is completed and start execution accordingly for reduce the time duration. Suggestions to improvement of Design and Build method Client can check contractors recourses to make sure the capability of the firm to execute his project It is possible to develop the design by a 3rd party to makes sure better value for money. Briefly explain each ADR methods with advantages and disadvantages in contract. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Introduction ADR typically refers to processes and techniques of resolving disputes that fall outside of the judicial process (HG.org Worldwide Legal Directories) Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is originated in the USA, was adopted in Britain in the 1980s and is now practiced worldwideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Page123, Quantity Surveying Construction Management, 2012) Goodwill between both parties is very important to achieve good results from ADR applications without wasting time and recourses with Arbitration or litigation. General advantages of ADR applications can review as Private, Quick, Economic, etc. ADR is takes few variety forms as follows. (Page123, Quantity Surveying Construction Management, 2012) Negotiation Mini-trial Mediation Conciliation Mutual fact-finding Expert Determination Private judging Dispute resolution boards Negotiation In negotiation participation is voluntary and there is no third party who facilitates the resolution process or imposes a resolution. There are no limits for arguments. Advantages:- All Parties can find their own judgments and Time and money saving. Fully confidential if third person not involving with the process. Disadvantages:- This might effect to the relationship of the both parties due to unnecessary arguments. Mini-trial Mini-Trial involves the top decision makers of the corporations having a dispute by engaging them in the presentation of their respective cases and the subsequent negotiating process. A mini-trial is generally not a binding method unless the parties agree otherwise. Advantages:- Independent advisor and facilitator is available. Time and money saving is exist. Unfriendliness is reduced. This method is not a trial at all and maintained confidentiality. The business relationship of the both parties is maintained Disadvantages:- Resolution if fail, parties can go to the court. Process will not succeed if the parties have any doubt on his impartiality and independence. Any party at any point of time, there is a possible to withdraw. Not much cost effective all the time. Mediation Mediation a forum in which a neutral third party facilitates communication between parties to promote settlement. A mediator may not impose his or her own judgment on the issues for that of the parties. Advantages:- Avoid unfriendliness and Less cost than go to the courts. Mediators knowledge helps to the parties guide clear future disputes. Disadvantages:- When parties week and strong, Possible to make agreement it may be lopsided to favor of the more prominent side. Conciliation One party invites to other party to resolve disputes trough Conciliation and the process will commence once the invitation is accepted. This process newer commence if other party rejects the invitation. If both party fail the process they has to go to the arbitration to resolve disputes. Advantages:- Both parties attempt to become for negotiation as of the great respect of the neutral person and also it is faster than negotiation. Disadvantages:- Less confidential due to involvement of conciliator. Expenses are higher. No any binding between both parties. Mutual fact-finding All the parties strongly engage and make a report with or without assistance of a mutual expert. The parties can solve their disputes trough the report and also this report is possible to use as a trial, as well as can give as evidence to the court or arbitration. Dispute resolution boards In the background of construction contracts, a DRB include a board of one or three persons, independent of the contracting parties, engaged to carry out an overview role of the execution of the project. Its primary function is to assist the parties to avoid disputes if possible or if not, to assist them to a quick, cost-effective and avoid the need for arbitration or litigation. (Dr Donald Charrett, Barrister, Arbitrator and Mediator Owen Dixon Chambers East, Melbourne) Advantages The panel acts realistically as third person. The Panel members are industrial experts. Early responses save time and money. Disadvantages:- Select and appoint of members are complicate process. Not retain confidentiality. Expert determination This is a private alternative to court litigation for the resolution of disputes. It is one of a number of ADR  methods available including arbitration,  mediation and adjudication. (Daniel Djanogly Forensic Accountants Chartered Arbitrators) Advantages Cheaper than running a case to trial. Allow both parties a greater knowledge of how the factual evidence is likely to be decided if the case goes to trial. Disadvantages The expert has no power to force his findings on the parties. One party is probable to have to sure the other to implement determination of the expert. Private judging Private Judging is a special type of decisional process, based on arbitration.    A retired judge is appointed by parties in dispute to preside over a private trial. Advantages It offers convenience and flexible to all parties. The flexibility of this method ownership and control of the litigation to the dispute. It is speedy process confidentially Disadvantages This is some considerably costly method in ADR The parties are unable to evaluate the quality of the judgment which given under this method. The parties entered into the contract they may face to various disputes. Discuss the role of the quantity surveyors input, from the inception to completion of the project. Role of the quantity surveyors for Disputes Resolution To be identified and scheduled might be occurred disputes at the early stage. Involving and discuss with line managers regarding the identified disputes. Advice to the client for selecting an accurate method of dispute resolution. As an initial action try to be settle by negotiation action to avoid wasting time and money. If negotiation is unsuccessful, to be advised to the senior management for go to the ADR methods by avoiding go to the Arbitration or Litigation. Perform to evaluate and advise to select the correct method from available in ADR process. Collects and prepares all necessary supporting documents required to the ADR process. Attending for relevant meetings and review the issues of meeting CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION Basically Construction project disputes are occurred due to selection of inappropriate procurement applications for the project. Hence selection of suitable procurement methods at project inspection stage is a very important responsibility within role of Quantity Surveyor. I recommend every Quantity Surveyor should develop their knowledge in-field of Construction procurement application and disputes resolution methods in practically.

Different generations in Dubliners by James Joyce Essay

Dubliners: Choose one story from the collection and discuss how Joyce depicts relationships between people of different generations. In your answer you should: * Explain your own view of the treatment of the young by old people; * Look closely at the effects of Joyce’s narrative methods and language; * Comment on how the story relates to the concerns and methods of the novel as a whole. In Eveline Joyce portrays two generations, namely Eveline and her parents. Unlike the narrators in the previous stories, Eveline is an adult but the entrapment of the narrators remains constant with her. The main treatment of the young is of Eveline by her father. Her father, an alcoholic, abuses his daughter, â€Å"Even now, though she was nineteen, she sometimes felt herself in danger of her father’s violence. She knew it was that that had given her palpitations.† He makes her work but takes away her wages to throw away on drink, saying that she would â€Å"squander† the money, having â€Å"no head†. He is ungrateful for the hard work she does and ridicules her. Like Dublin, her father is stifling and oppressive and while she is with him she can never be happy or prosper. Also her work colleagues treat her unfairly, another example of the mistreatment of the young by their elders. On wondering what they will think to her moving away, she says they would â€Å"say she was a fool, perhaps; and her place would be filled up by advertisement. Mrs Gavan would be glad.† She says â€Å"She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores. But in her new home, in a distant unknown country, it would not be like that.† Although she hates the lack of respect her colleagues have for her, her work is familiar, like her home life, and though it is dismal, it is assured. Eveline is in keeping with the stages-of-life structure of the novel whereby the narrator of each successive story is older than the last. Eveline is an adult, a young women of marrying age, but like the narrators of the first three stories preceding her own, she is controlled by the older generations. Eveline has more responsibilities than the previous narrators and her financial situation is worse but Joyce blurs the distinction between her adulthood and the children of the previous stories with her recollection of childhood memories. She recalls when â€Å"they seemed to have been rather happy then. Her father was not so bad then; and besides, her mother was alive.† The subject matter is more adolescent and the ideas of love and romance are introduced, having only previously being presented in the form of the boy’s unrequited crush in Araby. However, Eveline seems to distance herself from everyone around her and does not appear to feel very much love. Although she seems very attached to the familiarity of home, she â€Å"knows† her family rather than â€Å"loves† them – â€Å"In her home anyway she had shelter and food; she had those whom she had known all her life.† Equally, she does not appear to love Frank, but merely likes him – he was â€Å"very kind, manly, open hearted.† Although this story marks a shift to a third person narrative, Joyce uses the technique of streams of consciousness to convey the narrators’ thoughts. When Eveline has her epiphany, her sudden realisation of how terrible her life really is, this techinique is used: â€Å"Escape! She must escape! Frank would save her. He would give her life, perhaps love, too. But she wanted to live. Why should she be unhappy? She had a right to happiness. Frank would take her in his arms, fold her in his arms. He would save her.† The ellipse follows this, taking the action to the dock where she is to leave. This acts to build tension as the reader is sure Eveline will leave. By saying that â€Å"She prayed to god, to direct her, to show her what was her duty† Joyce is commenting on religion as if God has instructed Eveline to make the wrong decision and stay in Dublin. Likewise, in the previous stories he has presented priests very negatively and has hinted at the repressive nature of the Irish church, religion being another of the omnipresent themes in Dubliners. The recurrent themes of entrapment and paralysis play an important part in Eveline with the title character being trapped in the stagnant Dublin by her abusive, domineering father. Joyce makes clear her desire for something more as â€Å"She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue† but duty bound she wastes her opportunity to escape. It is she that looks after the house and the children, her brothers – â€Å"It was hard work – a hard life – but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life.† This shows the extent of her feelings of duty and her entrapment as she will suffer with the familiar rather than escape to the uncertain. Although she is terrified of ending up like her mother, whose â€Å"life of common place sacrifice closed in final craziness†, she feels obliged to stay to face the same inevitable future of misery. There is also a strong element of fear, of her father and of her lover but predominantly of the unknown – life outside the safe misery of Dublin. The treatment of Eveline by her father, and to a lesser extent her work colleagues, is typical of the treatment of the young in Dubliners. In The Sisters, Araby, and An Encounter children are repressed and controlled by adults including parents, teachers and churchmen. Throughout the novel Joyce depicts trans-generational relationships in a negative light, with most of them being very unbalanced and unfair. In Eveline the father is controlling and ungrateful and uses his power to keep Eveline from escaping Dublin, in the hope of a happy future. The main theme of entrapment dominates this story with Eveline trapped by fear and duty in the stagnant Dublin, trapped in the claustrophobic confines of her home.

Evolution Can Be Scary, Important And Intimidating

Converse over Evolution BIO 4984-001, Dr. Liu Jacob Garver The topic of evolution can be scary, important and intimidating. This was definitely the case for me, as I interviewed my grandmother. When discussing who I intended on interviewing, I immediately thought of my grandma. I wanted to hear her thoughts on the subject as well as her misconceptions. By having a great pre-existing and open relationship, I knew I could count on her for an unbiased and â€Å"real† conversation. My 65 year old grandma grew up in a religious and devout Christian family with a history of conservative beliefs. She has been in the insurance business for over thirty years and has tremendous experience talking with farmers regarding crop/farm insurance. She often†¦show more content†¦To my surprise, she stated that evolution contradicted religion and that one could not be a Christian and also believe in evolution. After hearing her entire opinion, I began my rebuttal. I stated that evolution, in easy terms, described a change in an anim al/plant over a long period of time. I also wanted to clear up the misconception regarding the ape to human evolution. I stated that humans and apes merely share a common ancestor, but did NOT evolve into one another. Knowing that religion is a large part of her life, I also wanted to touch on the God/evolution controversy. I began by stating that evolution is not a means to prove an origin of life, but a change of an organism over time. This surprised her! This statement caused her to rethink everything she had already told me. I told her that religion, specifically Christianity, would say that organisms were created as is and that no change occurs. Evolution, however, is defined by a slow/progressive change in an organism over time. From here, I moved onto the second topic. This topic encompassed the evidences of evolution. I was extremely interested in hearing her account of this topic! By merely proposing the question about evidences of evolution, I could tell she was puzzled. M y grandma admitted that she had absolutely no previous knowledge of this topic. Ironically, we had just previously discussed a certain bird while drinking coffee earlier that morning while on vacation in

A Brief Note On Discrimination And The Workplace Essay

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